Lignin is derived from plants and trees. It is also present in red algae. This finding suggests that the original function of lignin was structural as it plays this role in the red alga Calliarthron, where it supports joints between calcified segments.

Global commercial production of lignin is a consequence of paper making because the paper is de-lignified. Lignin is an impediment to high-qualpaper-making because it is colored and weakens the structure. Once separated from the cellulose and burned as fuel.

Lignin has potential as a sustainable raw materials for renewable fuels, chemicals and materials.

There have been recent developments of lignin-derived materials in rechargeable batteries and super-capacitors.

Lignin is beginning to play a vital role in sustainable construction. Lignin and lignin composites allow the partial replacement of petroleum products in the construction sector.

Latest technological developments are associated with with cement composites, rigid polyurethane foams, paints and coatings, phenolic or epoxy resins, and bitumen replacements.

Uses agricultural waste from the paper industry in a process that is lower energy, less water and chemical intensive than petroleum plastics.

Widely available and made from renewable resources.

A fibrous, tasteless material, insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in weak alkaline solutions, and which can be precipitated from solution using acid.